Spectral Framework
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SpectralisTM: Predictive Engine of Atomic Properties
The spectral framework predicts the empirical sequence of K edge and fine structure, but also
predicts the competing theoretical Dirac–Fock sequence and its divergence without using any theoretical
input. Move atomic number Z to compare the empirical spectral prediction, the theoretical
prediction, and the coordinate-mapped prediction (empirical + coordinate mismatch = Dirac–Fock
prediction).
Atomic no.
Z = 118
Oganesson · Og
Theoretical versus Empirical Spectral Predictions
Empirical spectral prediction · νₛ
—
—
Three-regime empirical spectral spacing law.
Theoretical Dirac–Fock predictions · νtheory
—
—
Published Dirac–Fock predictions where supplied by the manuscripts.
Coordinate-mapped prediction
νmap = νₛ + C = νtheory
νmap = νₛ + C = νtheory
—
—
νmap = νₛ + C
Local coordinate mismatch · δν | accumulated C=Σδν
—
Local νmax↔Z increment mismatch. Li–F is extended here by applying the same
construction used in the paper: empirical spectral recurrence versus a smooth Z-indexed trajectory, with Li as
the regime anchor.
The Dirac-Fock theoretical prediction uses atomic number Z as
its coordinate, whereas the empirical spectral prediction uses νmax, the measured K-edge
frequency, as its coordinate. The mismatch between these two coordinates accounts for the systematic
divergence between the theoretical and empirical predictions.
Empirical spectral
predictionDirac–Fock predictionMapped predictionLocal coordinate mismatch
B · Empirical / mapped / Dirac–Fock · Z=110–127
C · Local coordinate mismatch δν · Z=3–200
The spectral spacing law: Δνmax =
Aνmaxp + B
● NIST measurements— Power law regime 1 (Li–F)— Power law regime 2
(Ne–Xe)— Linear asymptotic regime (Beyond Xe)◆ SNe, SXe — spectral mode splitting
events
Atomic number, ZZ = 118
Z range: Z
3–150
Apparent acceleration
Atomic number Z is an assigned integer index that
tracks the ordering of the measured K-edge frequencies, νmax, which define the internal
spectral coordinate. However, Z advances by a fixed increment (ΔZ = 1), while the spectral
intervals increase non-uniformly (Δνmax = a + bνmax, Z > 54). As
Δνmax increases, progression along the spectral coordinate seems to accelerate relative to the
uniformly spaced Z index. This apparent acceleration can be mistaken for a high-Z physical effect.
Adding the accumulated coordinate mismatch to the empirical spectral predictions reconstructs the full
Carlson–Nestor Dirac–Fock sequence with a median absolute percentage error of 0.0422% and an RMSE of 0.185
keV.(1,2,3)
Spectral Limits of the Periodic Table
Z = 3–200 denotes the spectral
extrapolation range; it does not imply that distinct elements exist throughout this range. The Spectral
Framework describes the spectral contraction of periodic differentiation with increasing spectral scale
by the empirical relation Δp ∝ νmax−1.19 (R² = 0.9995). As
νmax increases, the spectral branches that distinguish chemical groups become increasingly
compressed and approach quasi-degeneracy, so the spectral structures defining distinct chemical and physical
elemental identities progressively lose resolution. The well-known lanthanide contraction is a
manifestation of this broader spectral contraction. At sufficiently high spectral scale, distinct elemental
identity may therefore no longer be physically meaningful within the framework. The Radiation Limit
Hypothesis extends this observed trend: if the scaling law persists asymptotically, periodic branches
converge until internal spectral hierarchy and periodic distinguishability disappear, approaching a single-scale
spectral regime rather than distinguishable atomic structures.(4)
References
1. Abbas, A. (2026). Universal Spectral Scaling and
Hierarchical Organization in Atomic Spectra. Research Square. DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8629139/v3
2. Abbas, A. (2026). A scale-invariant spectral spacing law predicts atomic K-edge frequencies of heavy and superheavy elements (Z = 100–150) without relativistic input. ChemRxiv. DOI: 10.26434/chemrxiv.15003503/v1
3. Abbas, A. (2026). Empirical Evidence that Dirac–Fock Relativistic and Quantum Corrections are Z-indexing Artifacts. ChemRxiv. DOI: 10.26434/chemrxiv.15008463/v2
4. Abbas, A. (2026). Atomic Periodicity as Spectral Structure. ChemRxiv. DOI: 10.26434/chemrxiv.15001341/v3
2. Abbas, A. (2026). A scale-invariant spectral spacing law predicts atomic K-edge frequencies of heavy and superheavy elements (Z = 100–150) without relativistic input. ChemRxiv. DOI: 10.26434/chemrxiv.15003503/v1
3. Abbas, A. (2026). Empirical Evidence that Dirac–Fock Relativistic and Quantum Corrections are Z-indexing Artifacts. ChemRxiv. DOI: 10.26434/chemrxiv.15008463/v2
4. Abbas, A. (2026). Atomic Periodicity as Spectral Structure. ChemRxiv. DOI: 10.26434/chemrxiv.15001341/v3